BIPM.EM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 1.018 V
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
BIPM.EM-K11 at 1.018 V previously represented as BIPM.EM-K11.a
For higher resolution graph, please click here.
BIPM.EM-K11, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 10 V
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
BIPM.EM-K11 at 10 V previously represented as BIPM.EM-K11.b
For higher resolution graph, please click here.
BIPM.EM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 1.018 V
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
LABi | Di | Uneg,i | Upos,i | |
---|---|---|---|---|
µV |
µV |
µV |
||
VNIIM | 0.00 | 0.05 | ||
CMI | 0.10 | 1.56 | ||
BEV | -0.01 | 0.03 | ||
SMU | -0.09 | 0.08 | ||
GUM | 0.00 | 0.08 | ||
NMIA | 0.03 | 0.05 | ||
KRISS | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||
INTI | -0.01 | 0.06 | ||
NSAI NML | 0.06 | 0.57 | ||
INM (RO) | -0.01 | 0.10 | ||
DMDM | 0.09 | 0.14 | ||
NIS | 0.09 | 0.16 | ||
NIMT | 0.16 | 0.28 | ||
JV | 0.23 | 0.06 | ||
NMISA | 0.07 | 0.04 | ||
KEBS | 0.11 | 0.68 | ||
BIM | -0.01 | 0.05 | ||
SMD | -0.03 | 0.26 | ||
DEFNAT | 0.03 | 0.06 | ||
NPLI | -2.91 | 1.36 | ||
SASO-NMCC | 0.06 | 0.10 | ||
INRIM | -0.04 | 0.06 | ||
SCL | 0.07 | 0.12 | ||
BelGIM | 0.05 | 0.43 | ||
INM (RO) | 0.29 | 0.57 | ||
BelGIM | -0.01 | 0.07 | ||
VMI-STAMEQ | 0.10 | 0.20 | ||
NMIA | 0.00 | 0.13 | ||
NMC A*STAR | 0.02 | 0.13 | ||
NML SIRIM | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||
CMS ITRI | 0.00 | 0.14 | ||
NMIJ | 0.05 | 0.13 | ||
NIMT | 0.04 | 0.13 | ||
SCL | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||
KazInMetr | -0.22 | 0.15 | ||
NMIJ | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||
CMS | 0.10 | 0.11 | ||
SCL | 0.03 | 0.14 | ||
QCC EMI | 0.11 | 2.53 | ||
SASO-NMCC | -0.10 | 0.78 | ||
IMBIH | -0.49 | 0.98 |
BIPM.EM-K11 at 1.018 V previously represented as BIPM.EM-K11.a
BIPM.EM-K11, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 10 V
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
LABi | Di | Uneg,i | Upos,i | |
---|---|---|---|---|
µV |
µV |
µV |
||
SPRING Singapore (b) | 0.16 | 0.22 | ||
NIST | 0.26 | 0.28 | ||
METAS | -0.14 | 0.28 | ||
CMI | 0.77 | 1.46 | ||
BEV | -0.04 | 0.20 | ||
SMU | -0.04 | 1.72 | ||
GUM | -0.06 | 0.26 | ||
NMIA | 0.13 | 0.28 | ||
VNIIM | -0.22 | 0.68 | ||
KRISS | -0.03 | 0.20 | ||
INTI | -0.24 | 0.76 | ||
INM (RO) | -0.43 | 0.68 | ||
DMDM | 0.39 | 0.24 | ||
NIS | 0.22 | 0.28 | ||
NIMT | -0.03 | 0.22 | ||
JV | 0.63 | 0.56 | ||
NMISA | 0.00 | 0.68 | ||
KEBS | 0.25 | 3.10 | ||
BIM | 0.30 | 0.18 | ||
NSAI NML | -2.99 | 3.42 | ||
SMD | 0.02 | 0.56 | ||
DEFNAT | 0.44 | 0.24 | ||
NPLI | -4.97 | 0.38 | ||
SASO-NMCC | 0.22 | 0.24 | ||
INRIM | -0.18 | 0.38 | ||
LNE | 0.35 | 0.59 | ||
NPL | -0.36 | 0.49 | ||
NML (IE) | -0.18 | 4.13 | ||
UME | -0.05 | 0.48 | ||
DFM | -0.01 | 0.50 | ||
SP | -0.07 | 0.50 | ||
MIKES | -0.11 | 0.52 | ||
JV | -0.30 | 0.51 | ||
SMD | -0.20 | 3.73 | ||
CMI | 0.73 | 1.54 | ||
BEV | -0.19 | 0.61 | ||
SMU | -0.17 | 0.49 | ||
NMi-VSL | -0.16 | 0.50 | ||
CEM | 0.31 | 0.49 | ||
INETI | -2.69 | 6.52 | ||
METAS | 0.00 | 0.49 | ||
PTB | 0.15 | 0.49 | ||
EIM | -0.55 | 0.56 | ||
MIRS/SIQ | 0.30 | 6.11 | ||
OMH | -0.65 | 6.49 | ||
SCL | -0.33 | 0.60 | ||
INM(RO) | 3.34 | 5.06 | ||
VMT/PFI | -0.11 | 0.58 | ||
CENAM | 0.23 | 0.28 | ||
BelGIM | -0.28 | 0.88 | ||
VMI-STAMEQ | -1.21 | 2.76 | ||
NMIA | -0.27 | 0.62 | ||
NMC A*STAR | -0.23 | 0.63 | ||
NML SIRIM | -0.02 | 0.63 | ||
CMS ITRI | -0.06 | 0.66 | ||
NMIJ | 0.24 | 0.62 | ||
NIMT | 0.40 | 0.63 | ||
SCL | 0.06 | 0.62 | ||
KazInMetr | -0.37 | 0.65 | ||
NMIJ | 0.18 | 0.67 | ||
CMS | -0.10 | 0.69 | ||
SCL | 0.04 | 0.40 | ||
QCC EMI | 4.49 | 7.34 | ||
SASO-NMCC | -0.09 | 3.55 | ||
IMBIH | -0.33 | 4.84 |
(b) now NMC, A*STAR
BIPM.EM-K11 at 10 V previously represented as BIPM.EM-K11.b
Metrology area, Sub-field | Electricity and Magnetism, DC Voltage and Current |
Description | DC voltage, Zener diode |
Time of measurements | 1992 - |
Status | Continuous, approved for equivalence |
References | |
Measurand | DC voltage 1.018 V (BIPM.EM-K11.a) 10 V (BIPM.EM-K11.b) |
Transfer device | Zener diode-based electronic standards |
Comparison type | Key Comparison |
Consultative Committee | CCEM (Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism) |
Conducted by | BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) |
Comments | From 10 August 2021, BIPM.EM-K11 covers the two former comparisons BIPM.EM-K11.a and BIPM.EM-K11.b. Date of results last update: 14 June 2024 |
Pilot institute |
BIPM
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BIPM - International Organization |
Contact person | S. Solve +33 (0) 1 45 07 70 26 |
Pilot laboratory | |
---|---|
BIPM |
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, BIPM - International Organization, N/A |
BEV |
Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen, Austria, EURAMET |
2001 |
|
1995 |
|
1993 |
BIM |
Bulgarian Institute of Metrology, Bulgaria, EURAMET |
2019 | |
2006 |
Comparison carried out with National Centre of Metrology - NCM |
CMI |
Czech Metrology Institute, Czechia, EURAMET |
2000 |
DEF-NAT |
Laboratoire de Métrologie de la Direction Générale des Transmissions et de l'Informatique, Tunisia, AFRIMETS |
2016 | |
2022 |
DMDM |
Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals, Serbia, EURAMET |
2014 |
GUM |
Glowny Urzad Miar, Central Office of Measures, Poland, EURAMET |
2001 |
INM |
National Institute of Metrology, Romania, EURAMET |
2013 |
INRIM |
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy, EURAMET |
1996 |
BIPM Proc.-Verb.CIPM 1996 64 188 Comparison carried out with Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris - IEN |
2023 |
INTI |
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial, Argentina, SIM |
2009 |
IPQ |
Instituto Portugues da Qualidade, Portugal, EURAMET |
1994 |
Comparison carried out with Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial - LNETI |
JV |
Justervesenet, Norway, EURAMET |
2015 | |
1997 |
KEBS |
Kenya Bureau of Standards, Kenya, AFRIMETS |
2018 |
KRISS |
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Korea, Republic of, APMP |
2008 |
METAS |
Federal Institute of Metrology, Switzerland, EURAMET |
1999 |
Comparison carried out with Office Fédéral de Métrologie - OFMET |
NIMT |
National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), Thailand, APMP |
2014 |
NIS |
National Institute for Standards, Egypt, AFRIMETS |
2014 |
NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States, SIM |
1998 |
NMC, A*STAR |
National Metrology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, APMP |
1998 |
Comparison carried out with Singapore Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board - SPRING Singapore |
NMIA |
National Measurement Institute, Australia, Australia, APMP |
2003 |
Comparison carried out with CSIRO National Measurement Laboratory |
NMISA |
National Metrology Institute of South Africa, South Africa, AFRIMETS |
2017 | |
2003 |
Comparison carried out as Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Metrology Laboratory - CSIR-NML |
NPLI |
CSIR National Physical Laboratory of India, India, APMP |
2023 |
NSAI NML |
NSAI National Metrology Laboratory, Ireland, EURAMET |
2020 | |
2018 |
|
2016 | |
2015 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2014 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2013 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2012 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2011 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2010 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2009 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2008 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2007 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2006 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2005 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2004 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2003 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2002 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2001 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
2000 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1999 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1998 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1997 |
BIPM Proc.-Verb. CIPM 1997 65 318 Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1996 |
BIPM Proc.-Verb CIPM, 1996 64 188 Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1995 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1994 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
1992 |
Carried out as National Metrology Laboratory of Ireland - NML (IE) |
SASO-NMCC |
National Measurement and Calibration Center - Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization, Saudi Arabia, GULFMET |
2023 |
SMD |
Service de la Métrologie Belge, Belgium, EURAMET |
2014 | |
2021 |
SMU |
Slovensky Metrologicky Ustav, Slovakia, EURAMET |
2001 | |
1998 |
VNIIM |
D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Rosstandart, Russian Federation, COOMET |
2007 | |
1998 |
This page proposes print-out on A4 paper (portrait) of the comparison details (best printed out using a black and white printer).
Please, select items to be printed out, then click on "OK" :
BIPM.EM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 1.018 V
The key comparison reference value is the BIPM value. Its standard uncertainty is evaluated to be 0.01 µV and is included in the ui's values.
The degree of equivalence of laboratory i with respect to the key comparison reference value xR is given by a pair of terms: Di = (xI - xR) and its expanded uncertainty Ui = 2ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via NMIA (Australia), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via VNIIM (Russia) having participated in both comparisons.
Linking EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via BEV (Austria) and UME (Turkey), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via VNIIM (Russia), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3 to BIPM.EM-K11.a
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via NIM (China), KRISS (Korea) and the BIPM, having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea) and BIPM, having participated in both comparisons.
BIPM.EM-K11, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 10 V
The key comparison reference value is the BIPM value, xR. Its standard uncertainty uR is evaluated to be 0.1 µV and is included in the ui values.
The degree of equivalence of laboratory i with respect to the key comparison reference value xR is given by a pair of terms: Di = (xI - xR) and its expanded uncertainty Ui = 2ui at a 95 % level of confidence, both expressed in µV.
Linking EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via BIPM, having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via NMIA (Australia), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via DFM (Denmark), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via BEV (Austria) and UME (Turkey), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via NIST (United States), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via VNIIM (Russia), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via NIM (China), KRISS (Korea) and the BIPM, having participated in both comparisons.
Linking APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea), having participated in both comparisons.
Linking GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11
The linking of GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11 to BIPM.EM-K11 is made via KRISS (Korea) and BIPM, having participated in both comparisons.
BIPM.EM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 1.018 V
BIPM.EM-K11
xi measured voltage difference reported by laboratory i, Labi
ui combined standard uncertainty of xi
Labi | xi | ui | year of | |
µV | µV | measurement | ||
VNIIM | 0 | 0.027 | 1998 | |
CMI | 0.1 | 0.78 | 2000 | |
BEV | -0.013 | 0.017 | 2001 | |
SMU | -0.091 | 0.042 | 2001 | |
GUM | 0 | 0.038 | 2001 | |
NMIA | 0.028 | 0.026 | 2003 | |
KRISS | 0.07 | 0.048 | 2008 | |
INTI | -0.01 | 0.03 | 2009 | |
NSAI NML | 0.056 | 0.283 | 2010 | |
INM (RO) | -0.014 | 0.051 | 2013 | |
DMDM | 0.094 | 0.072 | 2014 | |
NIS | 0.09 | 0.08 | 2014 | |
NIMT | 0.16 | 0.14 | 2014 | |
JV | 0.23 | 0.03 | 2015 | |
NMISA | 0.07 | 0.02 | 2017 | |
KEBS | 0.11 | 0.34 | 2018 | |
BIM | -0.01 | 0.02 | 2019 | |
SMD | -0.03 | 0.13 | 2021 | |
DEFNAT | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2022 | |
NPLI | -2.91 | 0.68 | 2021 | |
SASO-NMCC | 0.06 | 0.05 | 2023 | |
INRIM | -0.04 | 0.03 | 2023 | |
Green backgroud represents institutes using Josephson voltage standard |
BIPM.EM-K11, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.5, EUROMET.EM.BIPM-K11.6, SIM.EM.BIPM-K11.b, COOMET.EM.BIPM-K11, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.4, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.3, APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.5 and GULFMET.EM.BIPM-K11
MEASURAND DC voltage, Zener diode
NOMINAL VALUE 10 V
xi measured voltage difference reported by laboratory i, Labi
ui combined standard uncertainty of xi
Labi | xi | ui | date of | |
µV | µV | measurement | ||
SPRING Singapore (b) | 0.16 | 0.11 | Apr 1998 | |
NIST | 0.26 | 0.14 | Nov 1998 | |
METAS | -0.14 | 0.14 | Apr 1999 | |
CMI | 0.77 | 0.73 | Apr 2000 | |
BEV | -0.04 | 0.10 | Apr 2001 | |
SMU | -0.04 | 0.86 | Apr 2001 | |
GUM | -0.06 | 0.13 | May 2001 | |
NMIA | 0.13 | 0.14 | Nov 2003 | |
VNIIM | -0.22 | 0.34 | Sep 2007 | |
KRISS | -0.031 | 0.10 | Feb 2008 | |
INTI | -0.24 | 0.38 | Sep 2009 | |
INM(RO) | -0.43 | 0.34 | Aug 2013 | |
DMDM | 0.39 | 0.12 | Feb 2014 | |
NIS | 0.22 | 0.14 | Sep 2014 | |
NIMT | -0.03 | 0.11 | Nov 2014 | |
JV | 0.63 | 0.28 | Jan 2015 | |
NMISA | 0.00 | 0.34 | May 2017 | |
KEBS | 0.25 | 1.55 | Feb 2018 | |
BIM | 0.30 | 0.09 | Oct 2019 | |
NSAI NML | -2.99 | 1.71 | Nov 2020 | |
SMD | 0.02 | 0.28 | Oct 2021 | |
DEFNAT | 0.44 | 0.12 | May 2022 | |
NPLI | -4.97 | 0.19 | Apr 2022 | |
SASO-NMCC | 0.22 | 0.12 | Sep 2023 | |
INRIM | -0.18 | 0.19 | Dec 2023 | |
Green backgroud represents institutes using Josephson voltage standard | ||||
(b) | now NMC, A*STAR |