BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND : Resistance (measurement based on a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE : 100 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in10-9.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 100 Ω / 1 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in 10-9.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 10 kΩ / 100 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in 10-9.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND : Resistance (measurement based on a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE : 100 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in10-9.
| LABi | Di | Uneg,i | Upos,i | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10-9 |
10-9 |
10-9 |
||
| LNE | -1.2 | 6.0 | ||
| NPL | 0.1 | 7.8 | ||
| NIST | 1.2 | 4.0 | ||
| CMI | -0.6 | 5.0 | ||
| METAS | 0.5 | 4.6 | ||
| NRC | -0.5 | 4.6 | ||
| NMIJ | 1.8 | 17.4 | ||
| NMC, A*STAR | 1.6 | 6.6 | ||
| NIM | -0.4 | 5.2 | ||
| KRISS | -0.4 | 4.8 | ||
| PTB | 0.4 | 4.2 |
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 100 Ω / 1 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in 10-9.
| LABi | Di | Uneg,i | Upos,i | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10-9 |
10-9 |
10-9 |
||
| LNE | -3.2 | 8.8 | ||
| METAS | 0.8 | 5.4 | ||
| NPL | 2.8 | 9.6 | ||
| NIST | 3.8 | 6.2 | ||
| CMI | 3.3 | 6.4 | ||
| NRC | 0.1 | 8.0 | ||
| NIM | -1.0 | 4.6 | ||
| KRISS | -0.2 | 4.6 | ||
| PTB | -0.7 | 4.8 |
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 10 kΩ / 100 Ω
Degrees of equivalence represented by Di and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2), both expressed in 10-9.
| LABi | Di | Uneg,i | Upos,i | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10-9 |
10-9 |
10-9 |
||
| LNE | 2.2 | 6.6 | ||
| NPL | 3.3 | 6.4 | ||
| NIST | 5.9 | 11.0 | ||
| CMI | 1.1 | 4.4 | ||
| METAS | 0.2 | 3.8 | ||
| NRC | 1.3 | 4.2 | ||
| NMIJ | 6.8 | 16.6 | ||
| NMC, A*STAR | -2.0 | 5.6 | ||
| NIM | 5.0 | 4.8 | ||
| KRISS | 0.8 | 5.2 | ||
| PTB | -0.7 | 4.2 |
| Metrology area, Sub-field | Electricity and Magnetism, Resistance |
| Description | Quantum Hall resistance standards and their scaling to other resistance values |
| Time of measurements | 1993 - |
| Status | Continuous, approved for equivalence |
| Measurand | Resistance and resistance ratios 100 Ω, 10 kΩ/100 Ω, and 100 Ω/1 Ω |
| Transfer device | BIPM quantum Hall standard and resistors |
| Comparison type | Key Comparison |
| Consultative Committee | CCEM (Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism) |
| Conducted by | BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) |
| Comments | First results published on 20 November 2000 Most recent update: 16 December 2025 |
| Pilot institute |
BIPM
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BIPM - International Organization |
| Contact person | P. Gournay +33 (0) 1 45 07 70 07 |
| Pilot laboratory | |
|---|---|
| BIPM |
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, BIPM - International Organization, N/A |
| CMI |
Czech Metrology Institute, Czechia, EURAMET |
| 2017 |
| KRISS |
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Korea, Republic of, APMP |
| 2019 |
| LNE |
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais, France, EURAMET |
| 1993 | |
| 2023 |
| METAS |
Federal Institute of Metrology, Switzerland, EURAMET |
| 1994 | |
| 2017 |
| NIM |
National Institute of Metrology, China, APMP |
| 2019 |
| NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States, SIM |
| 1999 |
| NMC, A*STAR |
National Metrology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, APMP |
| 2019 |
| NMIJ AIST |
National Metrology Institute of Japan, Japan, APMP |
| 2018 |
- |
| NPL |
National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom, EURAMET |
| 1997 |
| NRC |
National Research Council, Canada, SIM |
| 2018 |
| PTB |
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, EURAMET |
| 1995 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2025 |
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BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND : Resistance (measurement based on a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE : 100 Ω
The key comparison reference value is the BIPM determination.
The degree of equivalence of each laboratory i relative to the key comparison reference value is given by a pair of terms, both expressed in 10-9:
Di = xi and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2) where Ui = 2 ui.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 100 Ω / 1 Ω
The key comparison reference value is the BIPM determination.
The degree of equivalence of each laboratory i relative to the key comparison reference value is given by a pair of terms, both expressed in 10-9:
Di = xi and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2) where Ui = 2 ui.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 10 kΩ / 100 Ω
The key comparison reference value is the BIPM determination.
The degree of equivalence of laboratory i relative to the key comparison reference value is given by a pair of terms, both expressed in 10-9:
Di = xi and its expanded uncertainty Ui (k = 2) where Ui = 2 ui.
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND : Resistance (measurement based on a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE : 100 Ω
xi relative difference between the result of measurement of laboratory i and that of the BIPM
ui combined standard uncertainty of xi
| Labi | xi | ui | date of measurement | |
| 10-9 | 10-9 | |||
| LNE | -1.2 | 3.0 | Dec 1993 | |
| METAS | 0.9 | 1.7 | Nov 1994 | |
| NPL | 0.1 | 3.9 | Dec 1997 | |
| NIST | 1.2 | 2.0 | Apr 1999 | |
| PTB | -0.5 | 2.2 | Nov 2013 | |
| CMI | -0.6 | 2.5 | Apr 2017 | |
| METAS | 0.5 | 2.3 | Dec 2017 | |
| NRC | -0.5 | 2.3 | Jun 2018 | |
| NMIJ | 1.8 | 8.7 | Nov 2018 | |
| NMC, A*STAR | 1.6 | 3.3 | Mar 2019 | |
| NIM | -0.4 | 2.6 | Sep 2019 | |
| KRISS | -0.4 | 2.4 | Oct 2019 | |
| PTB | 0.4 | 2.1 | May 2025 |
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 100 Ω / 1 Ω
xi relative difference between the result of measurement of laboratory i and that of the BIPM
ui combined standard uncertainty of xi
| Labi | xi | ui | date of measurement | |
| 10-9 | 10-9 | |||
| LNE | -3.2 | 4.4 | Dec 1993 | |
| METAS | 0.8 | 2.7 | Nov 1994 | |
| NPL | 2.8 | 4.8 | Dec 1997 | |
| NIST | 3.8 | 3.1 | Apr 1999 | |
| PTB | -0.8 | 4.0 | Nov 2013 | |
| CMI | 3.3 | 3.2 | Apr 2017 | |
| NRC | 0.1 | 4.0 | Jun 2018 | |
| NIM | -1.0 | 2.3 | Sep 2019 | |
| KRISS | -0.2 | 2.3 | Oct 2019 | |
| PTB | -0.7 | 2.4 | May 2025 |
BIPM.EM-K12
MEASURAND Resistance ratio (measurement linked to a quantum Hall resistance standard)
NOMINAL VALUE 10 kΩ / 100 Ω
xi relative difference between the result of measurement of laboratory i and that of the BIPM
ui combined standard uncertainty of xi
| Labi | xi | ui | date of measurement | |
| 10-9 | 10-9 | |||
| LNE | 2.2 | 3.3 | Dec 1993 | |
| METAS | 0.1 | 1.8 | Nov 1994 | |
| NPL | 3.3 | 3.2 | Dec 1997 | |
| NIST | 5.9 | 5.5 | Apr 1999 | |
| PTB | 0.7 | 1.9 | Nov 2013 | |
| CMI | 1.1 | 2.2 | Apr 2017 | |
| METAS | 0.2 | 1.9 | Dec 2017 | |
| NRC | 1.3 | 2.1 | Jun 2018 | |
| NMIJ | 6.8 | 8.3 | Nov 2018 | |
| NMC, A*STAR | -2.0 | 2.8 | Mar 2019 | |
| NIM | 5.0 | 2.4 | Sep 2019 | |
| KRISS | 0.8 | 2.6 | Oct 2019 | |
| PTB | -0.7 | 2.1 | May 2025 |
